fc [ -e ename ] [ -LI ] [ -m match ] [ old=new ... ] [ first [ last ] ]
fc -l [ -LI ] [ -nrdfEiD ] [ -t timefmt ] [ -m match ]
[ old=new ... ] [ first [ last ] ]
fc -p [ -a ] [ filename [ histsize [ savehistsize ] ] ]
fc -P
fc -ARWI [ filename ]
The fc command controls the interactive history mechanism. Note
that reading and writing of history options is only performed if
the shell is interactive. Usually this is detected automatically,
but it can be forced by setting the interactive option when
starting the shell.
The first two forms of this command select a range of events from
first to last from the history list. The arguments first and last
may be specified as a number or as a string. A negative number is
used as an offset to the current history event number. A string
specifies the most recent event beginning with the given string.
All substitutions old=new, if any, are then performed on the text
of the events.
In addition to the number range,
-I restricts to only internal events (not from $HISTFILE)
-L restricts to only local events (not from other shells, see
SHARE_HISTORY in zshoptions(1) -- note that $HISTFILE is
considered local when read at startup)
-m takes the first argument as a pattern (should be quoted)
and only the history events matching this pattern are
considered
If first is not specified, it will be set to -1 (the most recent
event), or to -16 if the -l flag is given. If last is not
specified, it will be set to first, or to -1 if the -l flag is
given. However, if the current event has added entries to the
history with `print -s' or `fc -R', then the default last for -l
includes all new history entries since the current event began.
When the -l flag is given, the resulting events are listed on
standard output. Otherwise the editor program specified by -e
ename is invoked on a file containing these history events. If -e
is not given, the value of the parameter FCEDIT is used; if that
is not set the value of the parameter EDITOR is used; if that is
not set a builtin default, usually `vi' is used. If ename is `-',
no editor is invoked. When editing is complete, the edited
command is executed.
The flag -r reverses the order of the events and the flag -n
suppresses event numbers when listing.
Also when listing,
-d prints timestamps for each event
-f prints full time-date stamps in the US `MM/DD/YY hh:mm'
format
-E prints full time-date stamps in the European `dd.mm.yyyy
hh:mm' format
-i prints full time-date stamps in ISO8601 `yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm'
format
-t fmt prints time and date stamps in the given format; fmt is
formatted with the strftime function with the zsh
extensions described for the %D{string} prompt format in
the section EXPANSION OF PROMPT SEQUENCES in zshmisc(1).
The resulting formatted string must be no more than 256
characters or will not be printed
-D prints elapsed times; may be combined with one of the
options above
`fc -p' pushes the current history list onto a stack and switches
to a new history list. If the -a option is also specified, this
history list will be automatically popped when the current
function scope is exited, which is a much better solution than
creating a trap function to call `fc -P' manually. If no
arguments are specified, the history list is left empty, $HISTFILE
is unset, and $HISTSIZE & $SAVEHIST are set to their default
values. If one argument is given, $HISTFILE is set to that
filename, $HISTSIZE & $SAVEHIST are left unchanged, and the
history file is read in (if it exists) to initialize the new list.
If a second argument is specified, $HISTSIZE & $SAVEHIST are
instead set to the single specified numeric value. Finally, if a
third argument is specified, $SAVEHIST is set to a separate value
from $HISTSIZE. You are free to change these environment values
for the new history list however you desire in order to manipulate
the new history list.
`fc -P' pops the history list back to an older list saved by `fc
-p'. The current list is saved to its $HISTFILE before it is
destroyed (assuming that $HISTFILE and $SAVEHIST are set
appropriately, of course). The values of $HISTFILE, $HISTSIZE,
and $SAVEHIST are restored to the values they had when `fc -p' was
called. Note that this restoration can conflict with making these
variables "local", so your best bet is to avoid local declarations
for these variables in functions that use `fc -p'. The one other
guaranteed-safe combination is declaring these variables to be
local at the top of your function and using the automatic option
(-a) with `fc -p'. Finally, note that it is legal to manually pop
a push marked for automatic popping if you need to do so before
the function exits.
`fc -R' reads the history from the given file, `fc -W' writes the
history out to the given file, and `fc -A' appends the history out
to the given file. If no filename is specified, the $HISTFILE is
assumed. If the -I option is added to -R, only those events that
are not already contained within the internal history list are
added. If the -I option is added to -A or -W, only those events
that are new since last incremental append/write to the history
file are appended/written. In any case, the created file will
have no more than $SAVEHIST entries.
history
Same as fc -l.
r Same as fc -e -.
Mini Shell